Therapeutic potential of ginger against COVID-19: Is there enough evidence?

In addition to the respiratory system, severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strikes other systems, including digestive, circulatory, urogenital, and even central nervous as its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) is expressed in various organs, such lungs, intestine, heart, esophagus, kidneys, bladder, testis, liver, brain. Different mechanisms, particular, massive virus replication, extensive apoptosis necrosis of lung-related epithelial endothelial cells, vascular leakage, hyper-inflammatory responses, overproduction pro-inflammatory mediators, cytokine storm, oxidative stress, downregulation ACE2, impairment renin-angiotensin system contribute COVID-19 pathogenesis. Currently, a global pandemic with no specific anti-viral treatment. The favorable capabilities ginger were indicated patients suffering from osteoarthritis, neurodegenerative disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, type diabetes, distress, liver diseases primary dysmenorrheal. Ginger or compounds exhibited strong anti-inflammatory anti-oxidative influences numerous animal models. This review provides evidence regarding potential effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection highlights antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, immunomodulatory impacts an attempt consider this plant alternative therapeutic agent for • Hyper-inflammation direct SARS-CoV-2-mediated promote tissue damage. can exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 interferes inflammation. modulates stress prostaglandins harmful factors COVID-19. Unbalanced responses effector T cells capable modulate improper cell